Justin Raimondo’s column will return June 18.
On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, a delegate to the Second Continental Congress, proffered a resolution declaring:
"That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."
It was the beginning of the first act of the American Revolution. The second and third acts – the long continental incubation and the emergence of the US as a world empire – would not be long in coming, as such things are measured. The seeds planted in Britain’s North American colonies were a vigorous stock, rooting quickly and sending forth leaves and runners in riotous profusion. The process culminated in a blossom such as the world had never seen.
The Founders of this country established a republic of a new type: one that strictly limited the power of government to seize one’s person or property. This right of self-ownership was defended by an innovative device: the Constitution of the United States, and specifically the first ten amendments. These explicitly forbade the seizure of person and property without due process of law by the government and encoded "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects" in the DNA of the embryonic nation.
These provisions suffered almost continual assault from the time they were enacted: the imposition of the Alien and Sedition Acts, Lincoln’s depredations during the Civil War, the Brown Scare of the 1930s and the Red Scare of the 1950s – all wreaked their havoc, denting and often piercing the shield of the Constitution, although never wounding the republic at its heart. Every successful incursion on the inner fortress of the Bill of Rights was followed by a swift political counterattack, and eventually pushed back.
Not this time, however.
The recently passed National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) empowers the President to detain "terror suspects" indefinitely, without benefit of a court of law, and without even making this lawless act public. This is the very definition of tyranny, and if allowed to stand would indeed murder what is left of our old republic in its sickbed.
That the vision of the Founders has not yet permanently faded is reflected in the decision of Judge Katherine Forest to declare the law unconstitutional: that the enemies of liberty are tireless is underscored by the Obama administration’s contention that the judge’s decision only means they won’t be able to detain the individuals who brought the lawsuit. So Daniel Ellsberg and Noam Chomsky are safe: the rest of us, not so much..,.
The "Homeland battlefield" portions of the NDAA, which have been struck down by the court, are not specifically aimed at members of Al Qaeda, or allied groups, and this lack of specificity is what drove the judge’s decision. Government lawyers argue that the President, in his role as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, must be free to act on the battlefield "in wartime" – and that, in our eternal "war on terrorism," America is a battlefield.
It’s an argument with some interesting implications. Given that perpetual warfare is the animating principle of American foreign policy in the post-9/11 era, no special circumstances are required before President Obama sends the Koch brothers off to Guantanamo.
Like the Bush administration before it – whose top security officials issued a letter before the judge’s decision, arguing that to strike down the "homeland battlefield" provisions would be "unconstitutional" – this liberal White House is committed to the legal doctrine of presidential supremacism, which argues that the chief executive’s role as commander-in-chief trumps all constitutional checks and balances, including the Bill of Rights.
This would have shocked an earlier age, but in the long senescence of our decaying republic hardly anyone can be roused to even a semblance of outrage. Given the stakes, the legal and political battle over this fateful legislation is getting almost no attention: certainly it will never be an issue in the presidential election, and the media coverage is perfunctory, with stories relegated to the back pages. Particularly worrying is the political fight over efforts to amend the offending portions of the NDAA, led by Reps. Adam Smith, a Democrat, and Justin Amash, a Republican of the Paulian persuasion. Their amendment was smashed in the House, 238 to 182, with the leadership of both parties uniting behind the drive to crush the Constitution underfoot.
Americans stupidly believe none of this applies to them: it’s all about detaining foreigners, and "terrorists," and is therefore okay. No President would use the provisions of the law to target and detain American political dissidents – would he?
The average American’s ignorance of basic history is so scant that they don’t realize there is ample precedent. If you ask them what they know about the Alien and Sedition Acts, you’re apt to get a blank look. As for Abraham Lincoln shutting down newspapers and imprisoning his political opponents – bringing up such inconvenient facts is heresy as far as the Lincoln cult is concerned. We aren’t supposed to talk about it, or, if we do, we’re only allowed to say something vague about how it was necessary to free the slaves. The outright repression of political opposition during both world wars, the extended assault on civil liberties that characterized the cold war era – these less than proud chapters in American history aren’t taught in the schools. If mentioned at all, they’re whitewashed and rationalized away.
Over the years, these partially successful attempts to overthrow the rule of law and invalidate the Constitution have accumulated to the point where a coup is unnecessary. The President needn’t declare martial law and surround Congress with troops, because the people’s representatives have consented to the coup in advance – and are strewing the tyrant’s path with rose petals.
As Congress was rejecting the Smith-Amash amendment, what we were hearing was the death agony of our old republic. The American Revolution stands repealed without a shot being fired. What was required in order to pull it off wasn’t the sight of armed men swarming over Capitol Hill: it took only the greasy evasions of government lawyers and the heavy indifference of the public. The courts are the last recourse of those who seek to salvage the heritage of the Founders: beyond that, there is nothing but the certain prospect of tyranny.
As our drones hunt the world, striking at will, the skies over America will inevitably be darkened. With local law enforcement buying up drones and increasingly using them in routine police operations, we aren’t far from the day when the President can zap his enemies on command. And it will all be perfectly "legal."
If I were one of the Koch brothers, I’d be worried.
NOTES IN THE MARGIN
I see we’ve finally made our fundraising goal – and I have to say, it’s quite a relief. Now that was a tough one!
I want to thank all our contributors, big and small, who made the success of this drive possible. We’ve labored mightily to serve our readers and supporters, and this is, for us, a vote of confidence, one that we take to heart. I don’t like these fundraisers any more than you do, but they are a necessary condition of our continued survival. There is a way to make them shorter, however, and that is by stretching out your contribution over a number of months: all you have to do is sign up to become a monthly contributor, which you can do by going here. This gives us the kind of reserves we need to tide us over in tough times, and it also gives us a way to rationally plan our budget in advance.
Yes, this was a tough one, but we made it, and for that I am more grateful than I know how to express. I don’t take my readers for granted: every time I sit down to write a column my focus is how best to inform them, energize them, and – yes – simultaneously entertain them, while in the process learning something new myself. I really do enjoy my job, but every once in a while I need a break – and that is what’s on the agenda this coming week.
I’ll be taking next week off: I’ve got a new book to start, and a garden choked with weeds. That should keep me busy for the duration. I’ll be back on Monday, June 25 – maybe sooner, if some new development warrants it.
A final note: go here to hear Jason Ditz debate none other than Richard Perle on BBC radio. The subject: America’s drone war.
Read more by Justin Raimondo
- A Note to My Readers – June 16th, 2013
- Datagate and the Death of American Liberalism – June 13th, 2013
- Smear Brigade Goes After Snowden – June 11th, 2013
- Edward Snowden, American Hero – June 9th, 2013
- Police-State ‘Progressivism’ – June 6th, 2013





Johnny in Wi.
June 7th, 2012 at 9:46 pm
You forgot Woodrow Wilson and all the disenters he threw in prison. Of course FDR was no angel either. The Trotskyites, who are the ancestors of our Neoconservatve gang, loved to throw people in prison, torture them for information, and kill without remorse or mercy. Their decendents are trying to do the same thing here.
Today June 8th is the 45th aniversary of the dastardly attack on the USS Liberty. Let us remember the brave men murdered and the survivers. May they finally get the justice and honor so long denied them.
james
June 8th, 2012 at 3:43 am
Please do not use America and honor in the same sentence, they are oxymorons.
another guest
June 8th, 2012 at 5:11 am
Well it didn't take Raimondo very long to slide right back to irrelevance…
Please spare me the BS about some mythical American Republic and the Saintly Founding Fathers and all fo that other claptrap…
The Founding Fathers were no better than the British…only difference is they wanted the reins of power for themselves…
Yes the early Republic was a grand land of freedom if you were one of the white male elites who owned property and could therefore vote…not so great if you were a landless peasant…a member of the servant class…a slave…a woman…etc…
And how long after this glorious republic was founded did it take to start imperial adventures…?…Mexican terriroty of Texas was seized in 1845 barely a couple of generations removed from the glorious founding of the republic…
another guest
June 8th, 2012 at 5:11 am
By the 1870s the overseas colonial land grabs had already begun, starting with an invasion of Korea in 1871…and then wholesale colonization of the Hawaiian Islands by the 1880s…barely a century after the glorious republic was born…the US was a bona fide imperial power…like the rest of the European powers…
By the turn of the century came the colonialist war against Spain and the seizing of its posessions like Cuba, the Philippines etc…
So please spare us the faux history of some glorious republic that exists only in the minds of certain individuals…
ATM
June 8th, 2012 at 5:39 am
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muHg86Mys7I&fe…
Put in the simplest form I can think of the concept of self ownership.
ATM
June 8th, 2012 at 5:39 am
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muHg86Mys7I&fe…
Put in the simplest form I can think of the concept of self ownership.
ATM
June 8th, 2012 at 6:20 am
The founding fathers knew that it was something that would not happen all at once. Something that we would have to continually fight for. Clearly the battlefield was defined during the civil war. If the ideals of liberty where not important to the people then 800000 would have just gone to work and not died over concepts of liberty and freedom of the slaves. Where did you ideas comes from. Did you at least try to wake the dead from the battle fields of the civil war?
Brennan Newfield
June 8th, 2012 at 8:02 am
Did you see those pictures of US Army troops doing "maneuvers" in a suburban Minnesota neighborhood? They're just getting citizens accustomed to seeing the military on our streets… And did you know that the Israeli Mossad is training our small-town cops now? The Posse Comitatus act has prevented the military from being used as law enforcement, so they've found a clever way around it: make the police INTO the military! This is just one piece of the bigger picture showing that the US is headed for martial law… Check out http://www.martiallawusa.com if you want to see more signs that our Constitution is being dismantled.
Generalissimo X
June 8th, 2012 at 8:39 am
founding fathers were no better than the british? absurd and a ridiculous statement ignorant of history and perspective. the founding fathers gave us a constitutional republic, which is a far cry greater than anything ever mustered by their ridiculous british counterparts slavish bowing to the royals for centuries. as for the limitations, yes, there were social limitations of the day and based on the modern social perspective a lot was left undone. that said, it is a document that is able to be amended, and rightly has been, to over come some of it's initial shortcomings. to suggest that the founding fathers could see the future and write one all encompassing document is just ludicrous. as for empire, well we still had a republic founded on the rule of law for the most part up until 2001 regardless. in the annals of history you won't find anything approximating the awesomeness of the constitution. i suppose you have a better idea? no, guess not.
Justin Raimondo
June 8th, 2012 at 9:21 am
According to "another guest," the Founders Fathers are "no better than the British" — but Syria's Assad is a Really Cool Guy. Charming.
Isn't there some other comments section you could infest?
Wyandotte
June 8th, 2012 at 10:37 am
It is true, as you note, that Americans are hardly doing a jig over the prezident's total disregard of traditional "entrenched" rights. I am old enough to recall, though, that when Trudeau and his government applied the War Measures act in Canada in 1970, there was very much commentary, discussion and protest over this.
When the old bastard finally died in 2000, the orgy of love, sentiment and fond remembrance that ensued would make the Muslims flinging themselves over the dead body of the Ayatollah appear quite sedate. The few right wingers mainly in the province of Alberta who resisted the temptation to go along with this embarrassing spectacle were brought up short by the commentariat and also the general public. ("You take off your hat, asshole, when the train car bearing Trudeau's body passes!")
The human species is getting stupider and more forgetful by the moment, especially here in comfy Amurrika. Why, if I hear that you, Justin R, have joined the A.E.I., I will not be one bit surprised. There is something in the water… :)
musings
June 8th, 2012 at 12:39 pm
The Rubicon was crossed on 9/11. The rest is commentary.
musings
June 8th, 2012 at 12:42 pm
The chief of police of Newton, Massachusetts, was slated to go to Israel to study urban policing or counterintelligence techniques. He cannot help but return with a mind-set that is to put it mildly, unAmerican. Even if I supported Israel in everything (or France or Britain), I would not take kindly to this patronizing training. Either we know how to defend ourselves or we don't. Nobody in some foreign country is going to teach us how to do it their way.
jrs
June 8th, 2012 at 1:17 pm
The problem with saying there have always been problems and injustices and so on, and there have, is inability to see when things are GETTING WORSE. I mean if you throw out all yardsticks, that's what happens. So in the end, even though it's the last thing intended, it comes out as a total apology from what is happening right here, right now. As in: "don't worry your pretty little head, about all these new laws and policies …"
Benjacomin Bozart
June 8th, 2012 at 4:12 pm
Assad supporters whack a village and the US denounces it. No word if Assad is denouncing the US for wiping out another wedding.
Some of the Founding Fathers including Adams thought we were way to free. People in Boston weren't working 5 or 6 days a week and preferred to goof off and get drunk in the neighborhood pub. Adams supporters made serfs of us all.
david g
June 8th, 2012 at 8:57 pm
Well, the U.S. is taking over Australia. Yeah, our harbors, airfields and barracks suddenly belong to the U.S.
Yeah the wolf is in the hen house and the rest, as you say, history. Australian politicians are even more stupid than their American counterparts.
But America is not, I repeat NOT trying to contain China. What a silly thought. May it perish.
I don't want my country to become a pawn of Imperial America. No I don't!
Warmongers are despicable.
http://dangerouscreation.com
another guest
June 9th, 2012 at 4:18 am
Excuse me, Raimondo…
When did I say Assad is a really cool guy…?…or praise him in any way…?…
As for General X's mighty displeasure…the US constitution is a piece of paper that resides in a glass case in some museum…it has nothing to do with real human rights, liberty freedom, etc…
Just ask any person of color who is stopped by police for driving while black…or any of the hundreds such people executed extrajudiciously by police or prison guards…
Yes I find this high-falutin talk about some invisible and irrelevant constitution pretty offensive, considering the US imprisons five times as many people as China…a country with five times as big a population…
And where do you get to have a say in any of this…?…just keep deluding yourselves…
another guest
June 9th, 2012 at 4:30 am
That argument does have some logic to it…however I would say as a yardstick that the US achieved a high point of social justice somewhhere in the 1960s and '70s…when real progress was made on gtreatment of minorities (not just rehtoric on some dead document…)…
Plus real income of ordinary people reached a plateu at that time and has actually declined since then…a lot of this was of course due to a progressive agenda that started with FDR and coincided with the rise of organized labor…and the result was that ordinary people reached a standard of living that has since been rolled back…
At the same time we have seen the militarization of society and nonstop wars of choice since the collapse of the Soviet Union…this trend did not start with 9/11 but has accelerated since then…and of course the political system has since been completely put out of reach of ordinary people who have no say in it whatsoever…and I need not repeat the decline in civil rights…
So for me the America of the 1960s is a much more meaningful yardstick than some idealized notion of the 18'th century…
Mike
June 9th, 2012 at 11:25 am
Depends on which of the founding fathers you're talking about. Some were much worse than others. The most infamous in my view is Alexander Hamilton.
Generalissimo X
June 9th, 2012 at 4:30 pm
you equate the actions of a criminal gov't with the constitution. that is your fatal error aside from just a smug dismissal of the actual historical precedence of a government by and for the people. regardless of practice it is the idea(l) that is the essence of the founding fathers true genius and vision. the constitution provides rules that apply to all, even a deluded misguided slob like yourself fails to see this. spare me your embattled minority i'm offended spiel, it's intellectually vapid. propose something better.
if you think china is such an awesome place, go live there and get back to me….having visited the place 4 times for business i'm laughing at you. the reason there prison population is so low is they pretty much execute the vast majority of their criminals while sending their families a bill for the bullet and burial.
Strider55
June 9th, 2012 at 5:33 pm
Judge Forest had better watch her back. Obongo might order her arrest, just as Lincoln ordered the arrest of SCOTUS Justice Roger Taney in 1861. Or he might avoid the whole messy arrest business and order her assassination.
If there's one ray of hope in all this darkness, it's the massive re-arming of the American people over the last four years. The #1 thing that keeps Obongo and his henchmen awake at night is the reality of millions of mad-as-hell citizens with plenty of guns and ammo, and willing to use them — "a rifle behind every blade of grass," as Adm. Yamomoto put it in 1941. In a true SHTF scenario, the life expectancy of any federal LEO would be measured in hours, if not minutes.
musings
June 9th, 2012 at 6:15 pm
Do tell. And keep telling. I had no idea, nor did most Americans, that Australia has been delivered up like a juicy lamb.
another guest
June 10th, 2012 at 12:16 am
China executes about 1,000 crminals a year…after a due process and a trial…
The US carries out about 1,200 extrajudicial executions a year by law enforecement and prison guards…where the person doing the killing is judge, jury and executioner…
If you have been to China maybe you have noticed something very curious about some of the huge skyscrapers…they appear to have tiny little apartment houses embedded into their bases…
These are actual homes of people who refused to move from their homes so that some bigshot could put up a skyscraper…the awful Chinese government that does not respect human rights sided with guess who…?…the little people or the big developers…?
I would like to see any such building in the US, Britain, Canada, France or anywhere else in the Western world…living proof of where you can actually see some real human rights instead of a piece of paper in a museum…
guess who
June 10th, 2012 at 12:24 am
Well I see the site administrators have now stepped in to censor my comments…not surprising…they have shown over and over that they are not interested in open debate of ideas…
In response to this post about China executing a lot of people, the figure is about 1,000 criminals executed each year…not a huge difference on a per capita basis than the US…
But in the US we have about 1,200 extrajudicial executions by law enforcement and prison guards each year…judge jury and executioner…something you almost never see in China…
guess who
June 10th, 2012 at 12:28 am
And if you have ever been to China maybe you have seen that some of the huge new skyscrapers have tiny little apartment houses embedded in their base…
Guess what those are…?…those are little people who refused to move from their homes so some bigshot developer could build a skyscraper…
So that rotten Chinese government that does not respect human rights sided with who…the big developers…?…please show me such a building anywhere in the US, Europe or any other bastion of democracy and human rights…
Like I said freedom, liberty and human rights is more than just empty words on some piece of paper…
johnUK
June 10th, 2012 at 7:08 pm
Will Raimondo's next piece be about Rand Paul's endorcement of Romney and the death of the Ron Paul movement?
A. G. Phillbin
June 10th, 2012 at 7:31 pm
Don't kid yourself about that massive "rearming," Strider. Gun possession doesn't mean they know how to use it well, or more importantly, who to aim it at. Half these people collecting guns probably think they're for fighting street crime (they are, up to a point), and also think about the "war on terror" in the same terms. In fact, many of them will be more useful to the Feds than you realize, so long as they believe they are rooting out "terrorist sympathizers," or some such. i'm all for the second amendment, but it's the brain behind the eye behind the scope that concerns me. Where is the outcry from all these gun owners regarding the Patriot Act, the NDAA, etc?
MvGuy
June 11th, 2012 at 6:00 am
Never forget what they did on 911, whoever "they" were …….. Thank You musings…… It was the end of constittutional government here in America………….. The end of the rule of law…… Even our high court is complicit……. The shining light on the hill gone dark.
MvGuy
June 11th, 2012 at 6:02 am
NOT LIKE JUSTIN TO MISS A DEADLINE BY NINE HOURS…………………
MvGuy
June 11th, 2012 at 6:16 am
"Where is the outcry from all these gun owners regarding the Patriot Act, the NDAA, etc?"…………..
THIS BEGS AN ANSWER………………… IT IS http://prisonplanet.com Alex Jones is clear and adamant ……….. for the second amenment…… and against all the big grabs of our rights, the NDAA & PatRiot act… Et Al ……………….
MvGuy
June 11th, 2012 at 6:16 am
"Where is the outcry from all these gun owners regarding the Patriot Act, the NDAA, etc?"…………..
THIS BEGS AN ANSWER………………… IT IS http://prisonplanet.com Alex Jones is clear and adamant ……….. for the second amenment…… and against all the big grabs of our rights, the NDAA & PatRiot act… Et Al ……………….
A. G. Phillbin
June 11th, 2012 at 11:27 am
That's not an answer, that's a plug for Alex Jones' website. Where were the National Rifle Association, the Gun Owners of America, and all the other 2nd Amendment prattlers regarding the Patriot Act, the NDAA, etc.
A. G. Phillbin
June 11th, 2012 at 11:33 am
An endorsement gained without a single platform change, just a heart-to-heart where Mitt allegedly convinced Rand that he wouldn't be a war monger. I wonder what Romney promised him? The worthless Veep spot, or a cabinet post? Did Ron Paul do all of this for his son, and lead his followers into the embrace of the Republiscum Party? If so, it is political traeson of the highest (and lowest) order.
A. G. Phillbin
June 11th, 2012 at 11:34 am
That's "treason," not "traeson."
gabe
June 11th, 2012 at 2:44 pm
Good god…you called Rand Paul a couple years ago perfectly. I didn't want to believe it, but you were 100% right.
gabe
June 11th, 2012 at 2:47 pm
Well it is silly to say we were all lead into the republican party…most of us would never consider voting for Romeny no matter what any Paul says.
The longer that the Paul's don't address this creepy Trygve Olson spook on their payroll the bigger drop their popularity will take.
gabe
June 11th, 2012 at 2:52 pm
I would hope so. I have always respected Raimondo, but his correct call on this situationt he last couple years ups his credentials in my humble opinion.
johnUK
June 11th, 2012 at 8:50 pm
Thats what I am thinking was this whole RP Revolution thing and run for president ultimately just to create a base and a platform for his son Rand?
I don't think RP has responded yet despite the huge backlash on Alex Jones, Adam Kokesh, etc.
How much money did Ron Paul raise and what did he do with the money?
At least there is Pastor Terry Jones to vote for. :)
A. G. Phillbin
June 11th, 2012 at 10:04 pm
I don't think it started out that way, but that's how it may have wound up. Well, I registered Republican 3 weeks before the primary, voted for RP, and will switch back to independent soon. I'm glad I did it, because I acted on principle, even if the RP campaign may not be.
rashbaugh3
June 12th, 2012 at 7:50 pm
"This would have shocked an earlier age, but in the long senescence of our decaying republic hardly anyone can be roused to even a semblance of outrage."
Boiled Frog.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_frog#cite_re…
rashbaugh3
June 12th, 2012 at 7:50 pm
"This would have shocked an earlier age, but in the long senescence of our decaying republic hardly anyone can be roused to even a semblance of outrage."
Boiled Frog.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_frog#cite_re…
ja1
June 13th, 2012 at 10:42 am
america whacks waco and slaughters women children and others
richard vajs
June 13th, 2012 at 1:59 pm
These "gun rights" organizations are, at their core, fascist. They are not for freedom or individual liberties for just anyone, they only believe in freedom for themselves and liberty for themselves – and if you don't look like these fascists or think like them, well then, they couldn't care less about your freedom or liberty.
Mhstahl
June 14th, 2012 at 10:16 am
"The outright repression of political opposition during both world wars, the extended assault on civil liberties that characterized the cold war era – these less than proud chapters in American history aren’t taught in the schools."
What more would you like?
Mhstahl
June 14th, 2012 at 10:40 am
In his defense, the "founding fathers" did enact the Alien and Sedition acts you mentioned-something the British did not do. They also responded with MUCH more military force than the British did to several domestic insurrections-such as the Whiskey Rebellion.
They also spun up the gears of genocide against the indigenous population in a way the British did not-the hands of the British in this respect in Canada are almost not bloody-relatively speaking, of course….if rivers of blood can be relative.
The British ended slavery peacefully within a generation of the revolution.
Frankly, the complaints in the declaration of in independence seem paltry when compared to the actions of "our" constitutional "republic"-even in the early days.
To paraphrase Spooner, either the constitution failed-or it succeeded.
Perhaps rather than wondering if one is better than the other, we could simply agree that both had good point, but also points brutal and evil in respect to liberty? There were both governments, after all.
Guest
June 15th, 2012 at 5:36 pm
All in the spirit of the Constitution "It's just a goddam piece of paper", wot ?
Guest
June 15th, 2012 at 6:44 pm
It can be argued the yardstick you speak of occurred because of the protest movements, the race riots, the anti-war riots and earlier the labor movement, prohibition movement, women's suffrage, and, yes the abolition movement. All these can be tied just as easily to the Napoleanic Rights of Man as the U.S. Constitution, continuing revolutions that wracked the West all the way through to our time. The other thing that was happening at roughly the same time was the increasingly easy accessibility of education, indeed its mandate for everyone. That mandate for universal literacy and education has now been reversed as its absence is preferable in producing a malleable, meek and docile public. The Founding Fathers whom you belittle actually foresaw this, requiring an informed and participating citizenry. Whence citizenship derives from is another matter, that it must be a privilege and and not an automatic right of birth for if it is just taken for granted it will not be defended when required.