As anti-government protests in Syria showed no sign of abating, the U.S. State Department Monday denied that it was seeking the regime’s ouster.
“No, we are not working to undermine that government,” said spokesman Mark Toner in response to a front-page report in Monday’s Washington Post about secret U.S. financing of Syrian opposition groups, including a London-based satellite television channel that has called for the overthrow of the Baathist regime headed by President Bashar Al-Assad.
Assad “needs to address the legitimate aspirations of his people,” Toner insisted, noting that Assad himself had spoken over the weekend about implementing “the need to lift the state of emergency as well as implement broader reforms, and certainly, we’re watching closely now to see how those words translate into deed.”
Indeed, in a bid to contain the rapidly spreading protests throughout Syria, Assad Saturday swore in a new government headed by former agriculture minister Abdel Safar and pledged, among other measures, to repeal the 48-year-old emergency law “within a week at most.”
In striking contrast to his previous public remarks, he also offered condolences and prayers for the “martyrs”—estimated by independent human rights groups at more than 200—who were killed in anti-government demonstrations since the protests began last month.
But the appearance Sunday of tens of thousands of demonstrators demanding the regime’s ouster on the streets in towns and cities throughout Syria, as well as renewed protests, particularly in Homs, where as many as two dozen people were killed in protests Sunday evening, suggested to a growing number of analysts that Assad’s concessions may be both too little and too late.
“It looks much less likely today than last week that he’s going to be able to either tamp down or stomp out this uprising,” said Joshua Landis, a Syria expert at the University of Oklahoma, who noted that the explicit calls by the demonstrators for Assad’s ouster marked a new stage in the confrontation.
“While the opposition may not be able to take over the state, if it can keep mounting big demonstrations, there’s going to be no foreign investment and no tourism, and the economy will founder … and there will be no future for the regime,” Landis, whose SyriaComment.com blog is widely read among regional specialists in Washington, told IPS.
Another Syria specialist, Bassam Haddad of George Mason University, also suggested Syria was quickly reaching a tipping point that would make it very difficult for Assad to regain the initiative.
“The regime can reverse the process, but it won’t, and it seems we are now approaching a point of no return in terms of the size of the demonstrations and the incapacity of the regime to make real changes that would slow the [opposition’s] momentum,” Haddad told IPS.
“I think this will be the most decisive week in determining where the uprising is headed,” he said, noting that the attempted takeover of the central square by thousands of demonstrators in Homs Monday “showed that the level of confidence of the protesters is rising very quickly.”
Washington has generally responded cautiously to the uprising. As in Egypt, it initially emphasized the importance of maintaining stability in the country, even as it also appealed for the government to offer democratic reforms and respond nonviolently to the protests.
After a particularly bloody incident in Dera’a nearly two weeks ago, President Barack Obama issued a written statement denouncing what he called “the abhorrent violence committed against peaceful protesters,” as well as “any use of violence by protesters.”
Opposition representatives who have met with U.S. officials and implored them to at least toughen its language against the regime have expressed disappointment with Obama’s caution.
Backed by neoconservative hawks who have long sought regime-change in Damascus, they have urged the administration to follow the same path it trod in isolating Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, beginning with a U.N. resolution referring Assad to the International Criminal Court and the appointing of a special rapporteur to investigate alleged abuses by his security forces.
Basing its story on recently released WikiLeaks cables, the Post reported Tuesday that the State Department had provided about $6 million to opposition groups since 2006, when U.S.-Syrian relations were at their lowest ebb under former president George W. Bush.
Much of the money has reportedly been spent on Barada TV, a satellite network run by Syrian expatriates allegedly linked to the Movement for Justice and Development (MJD), described in one cable as a “moderate Islamist organization that eschews any ideological agenda aside from ending the Asad regime through democratic reform.”
Despite Obama’s official policy of engaging Damascus, Barada TV began broadcasting in April 2009 and recently ramped up its operations and now broadcasts 24 hours a day, although various sources said it was virtually unknown within Syria.
In his remarks Tuesday, Toner insisted that U.S. support for Barada and civil-society groups in Syria was “no different” from similar “democracy-promotion” programs it supports in other countries around the world. “What’s different … in this situation is that the Syrian government perceives this kind of assistance as a threat to its control over the Syrian people,” he said. He also denied that the U.S. was providing direct support for the MJD.
Nonetheless, the disclosures are likely to fuel charges by the Assad regime that the protesters are “dupes” for “foreign agents” working to promote chaos in Syria.
The administration and most independent experts , however, strongly disagree and are increasingly worried that chaos may indeed result from the growing polarization between the government and the opposition.
Indeed, the administration’s reluctance to speak out more strongly against the regime apparently stems from its doubts about the opposition, doubts that are reportedly shared by its two closest regional allies, Saudi Arabia and Israel, both of whom—at least until now—seem to have preferred to keep “the enemy they know” rather than face the uncertainty of a Syria without Assad.
That assessment has actually “emboldened the regime,” according to Haddad. “They have known that the position of the U.S., as well as Israel and Saudi Arabia, is pro-status quo in Syria,” he said, although, as the opposition appears to have gained strength over the last several days, Washington’s position may be changing.
“I frankly don’t think they have a clue [about what to do],” Landis said of Washington’s current stance, given the mushrooming of the opposition and the hardening of its demands. “If they’re saying, [Assad] should not use violence, that means they should let the demonstrators overthrow the government, because, at this point, he’s going to have to use violence in order to put this down.”
Landis said he’s growing more worried about the reaction of the Alawite minority—of which Assad is the leader and from which the top ranks of the military and security forces are recruited—to the unrest and the possibility that the conflict could take on a sectarian character.
That worry is shared by Haddad who noted “serious reports that the latest demonstrations, especially in Homs, have a Salafi Islamist component.” Salafis, who are Sunni Muslims, regard Alawites, who constitute about 12 percent of the total population, as heretics.
“Syria is also home to Christian, Druze, and Shi’ite minorities—about 15 percent of the population—and
they tend to support the Alawite regime,” according to Mohammed Bazzi, a regional expert at the
Council on Foreign Relations. “Along with many secular Sunnis, these minorities look to Assad as a
source of stability, and they fear that his fall could precipitate a civil
war.”
(Inter Press Service)
